Mind the gap: Aligning the 2030 EU climate and energy policy framework to meet long-term climate goals

For a better coordination of climate and energy policies through the regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union.

Enerdata collaborated with the Institute for Climate Economics (I4CE) to produce the report titled: Mind the gap: Aligning the 2030 EU climate and energy policy framework to meet long-term climate goals.

Produced within the framework of the COPEC II research program, the publication provides an analysis of the interaction between European energy and climate policies, based on both historical data (back to 2005) and projections (up to 2030). The report also offers recommendations to mitigate counteractive interactions between policies and build a climate and energy framework consistent with the Paris Agreement before 2030.

The key findings of this report are:

• - The negotiations on the EU 2030 climate and energy framework are an opportunity to implement a coherent and ambitious policy mix in the EU and fulfill its commitment under the Paris Agreement.
• - The EU ETS and the ESR do not ensure the achievement of the EU’s NDC by 2030.
• - The carbon budgets set by the EU ETS and the ESR should be calibrated carefully in order to be efficient.
• - Renewable energy sources and increased energy efficiency contributed greatly to reducing GHG emissions over 2005-2015 and are projected to remain the main drivers of reduction in the post-2020 period.
• - Emissions reductions create counterproductive interactions with other policies, such as the EU ETS and the ESR, when not appropriately taken into account. The agreed reform of the EU ETS is not expected to be sufficient to mitigate these interactions.
• - Legislation under negotiation will fall short of the EU long-term ambition, which is itself insufficient to meet the objectives set during the Paris Agreement and should aim at net-zero emissions by 2050.
• - The EU policy package should align with the 2030 climate and energy framework to mitigate policy interaction, and with an increased long-term ambition in line with the Paris Agreement.

Download the publication (free).

Global Energy Trends, 2018 edition. A step backward for the energy transition?

Every year, Enerdata leverages its globally recognized expertise and databases to produce its Global Energy Trends, an independent study of the past year’s energy market trends and resulting environmental impacts.

This analysis of G20 data, which accounts for 80% of the global energy demand, highlights key evolution of 2017 global markets.

2017 was defined by strengthened global economic growth (+3.7%), as well as by a rebound in CO₂ emissions (+2%) and energy consumption (+2.1%, twice as much as in 2016).

For more exclusive insight and detailed analysis by energy and country, you can download the publication on Enerdata's website. 

Exclusive Gas Foresight Report

Inside a flat gas demand in Europe, the contribution of the power sector will keep growing

In its latest World Energy Outlook, the International Energy Agency announced an upcoming golden age for natural gas with the strong growth of gas demand expected in the coming years, especially in Asia and with the development of shale gas resources.
But the picture varies by region; in Europe, while gas consumption increased over the last 20 years, it has been stagnating since 2005, limited by a sluggish economic growth and stringent regulations promoting energy efficiency. We have seen during the last 5 years a real re-definition of sectoral demand for gas, with growing inputs in the power sector. Between 2000 and 2011, 100 GW of gas-fired capacities were installed in Europe; this trend will certainly continue with the expected commissioning of 50 GW of additional gas-fired plants by 2020 in our central scenario (Balance). However, the current high competitiveness of gas plants is more and more under threat. A weakening of CO₂ policies in Europe would strengthen the position of coal as a fuel of choice in the power sector. In the same time, a strong commitment to a climate target would make necessary the development of very stringent energy efficiency policies and very strong CO₂ taxation that would therefore lower gas demand over the long-term.

Interested in our exclusive Gas Forecast Report report?

As gas promises to gain ground in Europe in the next couple of decades, our newly published report analyses the current environment as well as emerging issues and uncertainties about the pace at which this will happen, with focus on:

• Expected growth of gas demand in the power sector, compared to a flat trend in other sectors
• Booming LNG infrastructures easing access to natural gas at a competitive price and shifting the origin of gas imports
• Important opportunities for shale gas although geologically uncertain and subject to very contrasted legislations between member states

Our insightful analysis is based on outputs from the globally recognised POLES model.

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Turkey - Natural Gas

Discover the latest developments in the Turkey Energy Market, with focus on natural gas. 



Turkey expected the natural gas demand to rise to 85 bcm in 2015, and planned to greatly develop the electricity production capacity from gas. To supply that demand, the country signed many gas supply contracts. However, the 2001 economic crisis and the postponement of the price deregulation led to a much lower demand, and the country found itself in a situation of surplus supply (the signed contracts were ¼ higher than the country's demand). However, Turkey took advantage of that situation and of its geographical position as a strategic player for the supply of gas to Europe, and in recent years its domestic consumption has increased sufficiently for it to seek new supply contracts.

There are three contracts signed with Russia. Under a first contract, 6 bcm/year was to be supplied between 1987 and the end of 2012, although in mid-2011 Botas gave Gazprom notice that it was ending the contract due to pricing disagreements. Under a second contract, signed in 1999, 8 bcm/year will be supplied until 2021. A third contract, signed with the Blue Stream gas pipeline, provides for the supply of 16 bcm/year between 2009 and 2028 (initial supply of 2 bcm/year in 2003, gradually increased to the plateau volume).

Algeria supplies Turkey under a long-term contract of 4 bcm/year over a 20-year period that will be extended of 10 years to 2024; a first contract signed in 1988 for the supply of 2 bcm/year from 1994 was extended in 1995 for the delivery of an additional 2 bcm/year.

Iran supplies Turkey within a contract for total amount of 228 bcm over 23 years starting in January 2003, following the commissioning of the 325 km-long gas pipeline connecting Iran to Ankara.

Nigeria supplies Turkey within one contract, signed in 1995, for a supply of 1.2 bcm/year from 1999 over 22 years.

Since the completion of a gas pipeline connecting Azerbaijan (field of Shah Deniz) to Turkey via Georgia (Baku-Tbilissi-Erzurum) in April 2007, Azerbaijan has grown into a significant exporter to Turkey. The pipe's initial capacity was 2.2 bcm/year, and has reach 6 bcm/year up to now.

The gas pipeline connecting Greece to Turkey, which is part of the ITGI project, was commissioned in December 2007. The strategic purpose of this 296 km-long pipeline is to diversify the EU's supply sources by transporting gas from Caucasus countries to Europe. It has a capacity of 11.5 bcm/year. This gas pipeline cost Turkey approximately €250m and Greece between €30m and €40m. There are plans for an extension of this pipeline from Greece to Italy (IGI project). That subsea line, which will be 800 km long, will supply 8 bcm/year to Italy in 2015; this section is being developed by Depa and Edison.